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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
05:37

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model

Published on: October 1, 2007

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Intravitreal Injection--Technique and Safety.

Timothy Y Y Lai1, Shu Liu, Sudipta Das

  • 1From the *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui; †2010 Retina and Macula Centre; ‡Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, Kowloon, Hong Kong; §C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen; and ¶State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|December 10, 2015
PubMed
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Intravitreal injections require careful disinfection to prevent endophthalmitis. Further research is needed to determine optimal povidone-iodine (PVI) application times and the role of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing infection rates.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Intravitreal (IVT) injections are common in ophthalmology.
  • Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening complication of IVT injections, with reported rates between 0.020% and 0.085%.
  • Current guidelines recommend povidone-iodine (PVI) disinfection and topical antibiotics for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare current IVT injection protocols with international guidelines.
  • To highlight variations in clinical practice.
  • To discuss strategies for endophthalmitis prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and guidelines on IVT injection techniques.
  • Description of a specific institutional IVT injection protocol.
  • Comparison of the protocol with international standards.

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  • Presentation of a table differentiating true, sterile, and pseudoendophthalmitis.

    • Main Results:

    • Povidone-iodine (PVI) application times in IVT injections are often shorter than recommended for other procedures.
    • Evidence supporting routine prophylactic antibiotics is currently inadequate.
    • Significant variations in clinical practice persist despite published guidelines.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal PVI disinfection duration for IVT injections requires further investigation to potentially lower endophthalmitis rates.
    • The routine use of prophylactic antibiotics lacks strong evidence, but further standardization of studies is needed.
    • Adherence to standardized protocols and guidelines is crucial for improving IVT injection safety.