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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Time-based prospective memory in adults with developmental dyslexia.

James H Smith-Spark1, Adam P Zięcik1, Christopher Sterling1

  • 1Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
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Summary

Adults with dyslexia show objective prospective memory (PM) deficits, particularly in time-based PM (TBPM). These impairments were observed in lab tasks and real-world scenarios, highlighting the need for workplace support.

Keywords:
AdultsDevelopmental dyslexiaExecutive functioningProspective memoryTime-based prospective memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Previous research on PM in adults with dyslexia relied on self-reports.
  • Objective measurement of PM deficits in dyslexia is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively measure prospective memory (PM) function in adults with dyslexia.
  • To investigate time-based PM (TBPM) deficits in adults with dyslexia.
  • To explore the role of cognitive load in dyslexia-related PM impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Administered laboratory-based PM tasks to adults with dyslexia and controls.
  • Manipulated working memory load in computerized TBPM tasks.
  • Included a semi-naturalistic TBPM task requiring a delayed reminder.

Main Results:

  • Adults with dyslexia exhibited significant PM deficits across computerized tasks, irrespective of cognitive load.
  • Participants with dyslexia made fewer correct PM responses and clock checks.
  • Dyslexia-related impairments were also evident in the semi-naturalistic TBPM task.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study to objectively document prospective memory deficits in adults with dyslexia.
  • Time-based PM impairments in dyslexia are present in both controlled and naturalistic settings.
  • Findings suggest a need for workplace accommodations for adults with dyslexia.