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Melioidosis: review and update.

A Leelarasamee¹, S Bovornkitti

¹Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases

|May 1, 1989

Summary

Melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei, is prevalent in tropical regions. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing this potentially severe disease.

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Area of Science:

Medical Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Tropical Medicine

Background:

Melioidosis is a significant infectious disease prevalent in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.
Cases are increasingly reported globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.
The causative agent, *Pseudomonas pseudomallei*, is found in soil and water.

Observation:

Transmission occurs via cutaneous or respiratory routes.
Clinical presentations vary widely, from subclinical infections to severe septicemia.
Diagnosis can be rapidly achieved by identifying characteristic gram-negative bacilli in clinical samples.

Findings:

The indirect hemagglutination test aids in diagnosing internal organ involvement or fever of unknown origin.
Conventional chemotherapy includes chloramphenicol, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and kanamycin.
Emerging antimicrobial agents like ceftazidime and imipenem show in vitro activity against *Pseudomonas pseudomallei*.

Implications:

Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for effective patient management.
Established and novel antimicrobial agents provide therapeutic options for melioidosis.
Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating new treatments for severe septicemic melioidosis in endemic areas.

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