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Viruses and hemostasis.

T M Cosgriff1

  • 1Division of Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701-5011.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Viral infections rarely affect blood clotting (hemostasis). However, some viruses can cause bleeding disorders like thrombocytopenic purpura and disseminated intravascular coagulation, particularly in severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hematology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Most viral infections do not significantly alter hemostasis.
  • Some viral pathogens can cause serious bleeding disorders.
  • Hemorrhagic fever viruses are frequently associated with hemorrhage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which viral infections can lead to hemostatic impairment.
  • To discuss clinical syndromes associated with viral-induced bleeding.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps in understanding viral hemorrhagic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral infections and hemostasis.
  • Analysis of clinical syndromes: thrombocytopenic purpura and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
  • Examination of hepatitis virus-induced hemorrhage mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections can cause hemostatic impairment through immune mechanisms (thrombocytopenic purpura) or severe disease (disseminated intravascular coagulation).
  • Hepatitis viruses induce hemorrhage via hepatocellular injury, reducing coagulation factors.
  • Hemorrhagic fever viruses frequently cause bleeding, but mechanisms require further study.

Conclusions:

  • Viral infections can lead to significant hemostatic impairment and hemorrhage through various mechanisms.
  • Effective antiviral therapy for viral-induced bleeding is often unavailable.
  • Further research is needed to understand viral hemorrhagic diseases and develop targeted therapies.

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