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Amyloids, stable protein aggregates, may have been early enzyme precursors. Researchers found amyloid peptides exhibiting esterase activity, suggesting their potential as primitive catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Enzymes catalyze reactions but their complex structures pose evolutionary questions.
  • Short peptides lack the structure for enzymatic activity.
  • Some peptides form amyloids with defined cross-β-sheet structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that amyloids served as catalytic precursors to modern enzymes.
  • To develop a method for screening amyloid catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and synthesized an amyloid peptide library.
  • Screened the library for esterase activity using high-throughput methods.

Main Results:

  • Identified several peptides and peptide mixtures forming amyloids with esterase activity.
  • Demonstrated that amyloids possess catalytic capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloids are stable and can act as catalysts, supporting their role as enzyme precursors.
  • This approach can generate novel amyloid catalysts for industrial applications under extreme conditions.