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Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly...
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Fermentation is a foundational biotechnological process used to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, enzymes, and food additives. Among industrial strategies, batch and continuous fermentation are the two most widely applied. Although both rely on microbial conversion of substrates into desired products, they differ markedly in operation, productivity, and suitability for specific applications.Batch fermentation occurs in a closed system in which nutrient media and inoculum are added at the...
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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Organic Peroxyacids for Eradicating Dairy Biofilms Using an Approach Combining Static and Dynamic Methods
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Osmotic membrane bioreactor for phenol biodegradation under continuous operation.

Prashant Praveen1, Kai-Chee Loh1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|December 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Continuous phenol biodegradation was achieved using a two-phase partitioning osmotic membrane bioreactor (TPPOMBR). This system effectively treated high phenol concentrations, demonstrating a promising method for phenolic wastewater management.

Keywords:
BiodegradationForward osmosisMembrane bioreactorPhenolTwo-phase partitioning bioreactor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Biotechnology
  • Water Treatment Engineering
  • Bioreactor Technology

Background:

  • Phenolic compounds are common pollutants in industrial wastewater.
  • High phenol concentrations can cause substrate inhibition in biodegradation processes.
  • Efficient treatment methods are needed for continuous removal of phenol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a two-phase partitioning osmotic membrane bioreactor (TPPOMBR) for continuous phenol biodegradation.
  • To evaluate the role of extractant impregnated membranes (EIMs) in mitigating substrate inhibition.
  • To assess the impact of forward osmosis on biomass concentration and effluent quality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a TPPOMBR system with EIMs for phenol removal.
  • Operated the bioreactor at varying influent phenol concentrations (600-2500 mg/L).
  • Employed forward osmosis for effluent filtration and a washing cycle for membrane maintenance.

Main Results:

  • EIMs successfully alleviated substrate inhibition at high phenol loads.
  • Steady-state removal rates ranged from 2000 to 5500 mg/L-day.
  • A washing cycle effectively managed biofouling and salt accumulation, maintaining permeate flux.

Conclusions:

  • The TPPOMBR system demonstrates significant potential for continuous treatment of phenolic wastewater.
  • The use of EIMs is crucial for overcoming substrate inhibition in high-concentration phenol treatment.
  • Forward osmosis and effective washing cycles are key to maintaining bioreactor performance and effluent quality.