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Hole-Transporting Materials with a Two-Dimensionally Expanded π-System around an Azulene Core for Efficient
Hidetaka Nishimura1, Naoki Ishida2, Ai Shimazaki1
1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Abstract:
Two-dimensionally expanded π-systems, consisting of partially oxygen-bridged triarylamine skeletons that are connected to an azulene (1-3) or biphenyl core (4), were synthesized and characterized. When tetra-substituted azulene 1 was used as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells, the observed performance (power conversion efficiency = 16.5%) was found to be superior to that of the current HTM standard Spiro-OMeTAD. A comparison of the hole mobility, the ability to control the HOMO and LUMO levels, and the hole-collection efficiency at the perovskite/HTM interface in 1 with reference compounds (2-4 and Spiro-OMeTAD) led to the elucidation of key factors required for HTMs to act efficiently in perovskite solar cells.
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