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Infecting Pacific Herring with Ichthyophonus sp. in the Laboratory.

P K Hershberger¹, L M Hart¹, A H MacKenzie¹

¹a U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, 616 Marrowstone Point Road , Nordland , Washington 98358 , USA.

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

|December 15, 2015

Summary

Ichthyophonus sp. infections in Pacific Herring are most effectively established through intraperitoneal injection or repeated feeding with infected tissues. Consumption of infected fish tissues may contribute to high infection rates in wild populations.

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Area of Science:

Ichthyology
Parasitology
Marine Biology

Background:

Ichthyophonus sp. is a protistan parasite found in Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) populations in the northeast Pacific.
The transmission routes of Ichthyophonus sp. in wild Pacific Herring remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare various laboratory methods for establishing Ichthyophonus sp. infections in Pacific Herring.
To determine the most effective routes of parasite transmission for experimental purposes.

Main Methods:

Experimental infections were established using intraperitoneal (IP) injection of cultured parasite isolates, repeated oral feedings with infected fish tissues, single oral feedings, gastric intubation, and gill flushing.
Infection prevalence was assessed for each exposure method.

Main Results:

Intraperitoneal injection of parasite suspensions resulted in the highest infection prevalence (74%).
Repeated feeding with infected fish tissues led to a significantly higher prevalence (65%) compared to a single feeding (5%).
Gastric intubation and gill flushing showed very low (12%) or no infection success, respectively.

Conclusions:

Intraperitoneal injection and repeated feeding with infected tissues are effective methods for experimentally infecting Pacific Herring with Ichthyophonus sp.
While not the primary natural route, consumption of infected fish offal could contribute to high parasite prevalence in specific wild herring populations.