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Amoeboid motion in confined geometry.

Hao Wu1,2, M Thiébaud1,2, W-F Hu3

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Confinement significantly alters amoeboid swimmers, changing their propulsion type and trajectory. This study reveals how confinement impacts cell motility and shape, offering new insights into eukaryotic cell movement.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells exhibit amoeboid motion for locomotion.
  • Cellular shape changes are crucial for movement in various biological processes.
  • Understanding cell motility under confinement is vital for cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of geometric confinement on a minimal model of an amoeboid swimmer.
  • To analyze how confinement influences the swimmer's nature (pusher/puller), speed, and trajectory.
  • To explore the role of internal membrane deformation in confinement-induced changes.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical analysis of a minimal amoeboid swimmer model.
  • Theoretical modeling of cell confinement effects.
  • Simulation of swimmer dynamics under varying degrees of confinement.

Main Results:

  • Confinement can alter a swimmer's nature (pusher vs. puller), indicating it's not an intrinsic property.
  • Swimming speed shows a non-monotonic dependence on confinement, increasing then decreasing.
  • Amoeboid swimmer trajectories become unstable in confinement, leading to lateral excursions, which shift from symmetric to asymmetric with increasing confinement.

Conclusions:

  • Confinement is a critical factor modulating amoeboid swimmer behavior.
  • The study highlights the interplay between internal cell mechanics and external confinement.
  • Findings suggest that cell motility and shape are highly adaptable to environmental constraints.