Novel two-step method to form silk fibroin fibrous hydrogel

Hydrogels prepared by silk fibroin solution have been studied. However, mimicking the nanofibrous structures of extracellular matrix for fabricating biomaterials remains a challenge. Here, a novel two-step method was applied to prepare fibrous hydrogels using regenerated silk fibroin solution containing nanofibrils in a range of tens to hundreds of nanometers. When the gelation process of silk solution occurred, it showed a top-down type gel within 30min. After gelation, silk fibroin fibrous hydrogels exhibited nanofiber network morphology with β-sheet structure. Moreover, the compressive stress and modulus of fibrous hydrogels were 31.9±2.6 and 2.8±0.8kPa, respectively, which was formed using 2.0wt.% concentration solutions. In addition, fibrous hydrogels supported BMSCs attachment and proliferation over 12days. This study provides important insight in the in vitro processing of silk fibroin into useful new materials.