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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design
Published on: September 19, 2025
Design, characterization and in vitro evaluation of a novel thiolated polymer: preactivated carboxymethyl cellulose
Flavia Laffleur1, Lukas Bacher1, Kesinee Netsomboon1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Aim:
To design a novel preactived carboxymethyl cellulose derivative.
Methods:
First, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was chemically modified by amide bond formation between primary amino group of cysteine (CYS) and carboxylic moiety of CMC mediated by carbodiimide. Second, obtained CMCCYS was preactivated with 2,2'-dithiodinicotinic acid. Designed CMC-S-S-MNA was characterized by FT-IR. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was conducted on Caco-2 cell line. Swelling behavior, erosion and release of novel CMC-S-S-MNA were performed compared with thiolated and unmodified cellulose, respectively.
Results:
CMC-S-S-MNA showed no harmful effect on cells. CMC-S-S-MNA exhibited 2.13-fold higher stability in comparison to unmodified cellulose. Furthermore, preactivated carboxymethyl cellulose-cysteine revealed 1.9-fold controlled released compared with respective unmodified carboxymethyl cellulose.
Conclusion:
Novel preactivated carboxymethyl cellulose represents a versatile excipient for drug delivery.
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