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Related Concept Videos

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
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Decision Making01:20

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Obsessive compulsive features predict cautious decision strategies.

Ceyla Erhan1, Fuat Balcı1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with higher obsessive-compulsive (OC) features make more cautious decisions by increasing their decision thresholds. Specific OC tendencies like checking and rumination correlate with cautiousness, while washing relates to faster processing.

Keywords:
Decision makingDrift diffusion modelObsessive-compulsive disorderSpeed-accuracy tradeoff

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to decision-making impairments.
  • Analyzing latent decision processes offers deeper insights than just choice/response times, even in subclinical cases.
  • This study investigates decision-making thresholds in relation to obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if higher OC features correlate with higher decision thresholds (more cautious decisions).
  • To examine latent decision processes using a diffusion model in a non-clinical sample.
  • To explore which OC subscales predict differences in decision-making processes.

Main Methods:

  • A perceptual two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) dot motion discrimination task was administered to 74 non-clinical participants.
  • The diffusion model was employed to fit the data and assess decision optimality.
  • Exploratory analyses investigated the predictive power of OC subscales on latent decision variables.

Main Results:

  • Higher total scores on Maudsley and Padua scales significantly predicted higher decision thresholds (increased cautiousness).
  • Exploratory analysis revealed that checking and rumination tendencies were associated with higher thresholds.
  • Washing tendencies were linked to faster non-decision times, indicating quicker response execution.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with elevated OC features demonstrate more cautious decision-making, characterized by higher thresholds.
  • Distinct OC features influence both controlled (cautiousness) and automatic (processing speed) aspects of decision-making.