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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
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Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis
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Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis

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Unified quantitative characterization of epithelial tissue development.

Boris Guirao1, Stéphane U Rigaud1, Floris Bosveld1

  • 1Polarity, Division and Morphogenesis Team, Genetics and Developmental Biology Unit (CNRS UMR3215/Inserm U934), Institut Curie, Paris, France.

Elife
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new quantitative method to analyze cell behaviors like division and shape change during tissue development. It reveals how these cellular events collectively drive morphogenesis in Drosophila, with localized variations.

Keywords:
D. melanogasterapoptosisbiomechanicsbiophysicscell divisioncell dynamicscell processescell rearrangementscell shape changescellular materialdevelopmentdevelopmental biologyforce inferencegrowthmorphogenesisstem cellsstructural biologytissue deformationtissue dynamicstissue mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding tissue development requires quantifying cellular processes like division, rearrangements, and shape changes.
  • Existing methods lack a unified framework to link individual cell behaviors to overall tissue morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multiscale formalism connecting cellular events to tissue growth and morphogenesis.
  • To quantitatively map and analyze morphogenetic events in Drosophila epithelia.
  • To investigate the interplay between cell division, mechanical stress, and tissue development.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multiscale formalism integrating cell division, rearrangements, cell size/shape changes, and apoptosis.
  • Validation of the formalism using computer simulations.
  • Quantitative analysis of morphogenetic events in Drosophila dorsal thorax and wing pupal epithelia.
  • Experimental manipulation by blocking cell division to assess its impact.
  • Integration of the formalism with mechanical stress measurements.

Main Results:

  • The developed formalism successfully links cellular process characterizations to tissue growth and morphogenesis.
  • Comprehensive statistical maps of cell and tissue dynamics were generated for Drosophila epithelia.
  • Cell shape changes, rearrangements, and divisions were found to significantly contribute to morphogenesis, with significant spatial and temporal variations.
  • Blocking cell division revealed its impact on rearrangements, cell shape, and overall morphogenesis.
  • Unexpected interplays between tissue elongation patterns, cell division, and mechanical stress were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The novel multiscale formalism offers a rigorous approach to uncover mechanisms governing tissue development.
  • Cellular dynamics play crucial roles in morphogenesis, with context-dependent contributions.
  • Mechanical stress and cell division are intricately linked, influencing tissue elongation patterns.