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Related Concept Videos

Attachment01:20

Attachment

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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

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Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
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Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

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Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Measuring Attachment and Internalization of Influenza A Virus in A549 Cells by Flow Cytometry
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Do infant behaviors following immunization predict attachment? An exploratory study.

Rachel Horton1, Rebecca Pillai Riddell1,2,3, Greg Moran4

  • 1a Psychology, York University , Toronto , Canada.

Attachment & Human Development
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant proximity-seeking after vaccinations predicts attachment security. This behavior during immunization mirrors infant attachment patterns observed in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP).

Keywords:
affect regulationattachmentimmunizationinfancypain

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Infant Behavior
  • Attachment Theory

Background:

  • Infant behaviors during medical procedures may reflect underlying attachment styles.
  • Understanding these behaviors can offer insights into infant-caregiver relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunizations and their attachment security.
  • To determine if specific infant behaviors pre- or post-vaccination predict attachment classification.

Main Methods:

  • 130 parent-infant dyads were videoed during 12-month immunizations and 14-month Strange Situation Procedure (SSP).
  • Six infant behaviors were coded pre- and post-vaccination.
  • Attachment was categorized as secure, avoidant, resistant, or disorganized.

Main Results:

  • Pre-vaccination behaviors did not predict attachment.
  • Post-vaccination proximity-seeking behavior significantly differentiated attachment categories.
  • Secure infants were more likely to seek proximity post-vaccination compared to avoidant or disorganized infants.

Conclusions:

  • Infant proximity-seeking during immunization is linked to secure attachment.
  • These immunization behaviors parallel those observed during the SSP.
  • Further research is needed to identify behavioral markers for disorganized attachment.