Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Storage01:23

Storage

487
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
487
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.2K
Chunking01:12

Chunking

523
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
523
Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

538
Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
538
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

3.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
3.8K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

59.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
59.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain Segregation and Integration Relate to Word-Finding Abilities in Older and Younger Adults.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Hemispheric difference of adaptation lifetime in human auditory cortex measured with MEG.

Hearing research·2025
Same author

Primate retina trades single-photon detection for high-fidelity contrast encoding.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Optimising a computational model of human auditory cortex with an evolutionary algorithm.

Hearing research·2023
Same author

Getting the brain into gear: An online study investigating cognitive reserve and word-finding abilities in healthy ageing.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging: The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2022
Same journal

A Model-Free Reinforcement Learning Implementation of Decision Making Under Uncertainty by Sequential Sampling.

Neural computation·2026
Same journal

DROP: Distributional and Regular Optimism and Pessimism for Reinforcement Learning.

Neural computation·2026
Same journal

Hierarchical Active Inference Using Successor Representations.

Neural computation·2026
Same journal

W-Kernel and Its Principal Space for Frequentist Evaluation of Bayesian Estimators.

Neural computation·2026
Same journal

A Hidden Markov Model-Inspired Sequence Classification Method for Hyperdimensional Computing.

Neural computation·2026
Same journal

Sparse Graphical Modeling for Electrophysiological Phase-Based Connectivity Using Circular Statistics.

Neural computation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.7K

Memory Stacking in Hierarchical Networks.

Johan Westö1, Patrick J C May2, Hannu Tiitinen3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland johan.westo@aalto.fi.

Neural Computation
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hierarchical auditory cortex uses local memory mechanisms to process complex sounds. Short-term synaptic plasticity enhances context-dependent sound representations, improving robustness in neural networks.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

13.6K
Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.7K
Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

13.6K
Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neural Networks

Background:

  • Auditory cortex processing relies on hierarchical structures for complex sound representations.
  • The computational benefits of auditory cortex hierarchy for temporal binding are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how hierarchical structures impact temporal binding in neural networks.
  • To explore the role of local memory mechanisms in context-dependent auditory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational models of feedforward neural networks with local memory units.
  • Simulated auditory stimuli with complex spectrotemporal structures.
  • Investigated the effect of short-term synaptic plasticity as a local memory mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical structures enable network units to process spectral sequences longer than individual memory spans.
  • Short-term synaptic plasticity provides robustness to context-dependent processing against temporal rate variations.
  • Synaptic plasticity introduces nonlinearities not captured by traditional spectrotemporal receptive field models.

Conclusions:

  • Local memories in hierarchical auditory cortex support robust spectrotemporal pattern representations.
  • Short-term synaptic plasticity is a plausible neural mechanism for enhanced auditory processing in hierarchical structures.