Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

2.6K
Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
2.6K
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

763
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
763
Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

1.2K
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
1.2K
Empathy02:34

Empathy

10.2K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
10.2K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

291
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
291
Labeling Emotion01:20

Labeling Emotion

931
Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
931

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Errors to Beliefs and Routes: Rethinking Cortical Inference.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Multiple Modalities of Sensory Gating Are Affected in Decompensated Tinnitus.

Ear and hearing·2026
Same author

Coarser event segmentation and impaired temporal order memory in subclinical ADHD.

Psychological research·2026
Same author

Music Ensemble: a large dataset on musicianship, cognition, and personality in musicians and nonmusicians.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Competition for Limited Visual Capacity Follows Feedforward Processing of a Distractor.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Tonal Surprisal and Contextual Shifts Evoke Distinct Pupil Dilation During Dynamic Sound Sequences.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

41.8K

Emotional words facilitate lexical but not early visual processing.

Sophie M Trauer1, Sonja A Kotz2,3, Matthias M Müller4

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany. sophie.trauer@uni-leipzig.de.

BMC Neuroscience
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Emotional words are processed faster after initial visual analysis, not during early sensory stages. Event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed this facilitated semantic processing of negative words.

More Related Videos

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.5K
A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

41.8K
Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.5K
A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Emotional stimuli capture early visual resources, but word processing effects are inconsistent.
  • Previous research shows mixed results regarding emotional words and early visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attention effects on early visual activity during emotional word processing.
  • To differentiate early sensory processing from later cognitive access using ERPs and SSVEPs.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) and steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs).
  • Participants performed a Lexical Decision Task with flickering neutral and negative words (12.14 Hz).

Main Results:

  • Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) were not modulated by emotional word content or lexicality.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) showed enhanced P2 deflections for emotional and real words, indicating lexico-semantic access.
  • Reduced N400 for negative words suggests facilitated semantic processing, while LPC reflected task-relevant responses.

Conclusions:

  • Written emotional words benefit from facilitated processing, but only after initial visual analysis.
  • Findings align with prior ERP and imaging studies on emotional word processing.