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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Infrared Vibrational Nanospectroscopy by Self-Referenced Interferometry.

Benjamin Pollard1, Francisco C B Maia2, Markus B Raschke1

  • 1Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA), University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.

Nano Letters
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a simplified symmetric geometry for infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). This new method enhances chemical spectroscopy for materials imaging, offering robust and sensitive nanoscale analysis.

Keywords:
infrared nanospectroscopynano-FTIRnanoscale molecular fingerprintself-homodyne/self-heterodyne detectionself-referenced interferometry

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) offers nanoscale chemical spectroscopy.
  • Existing s-SNOM techniques often use complex asymmetric interferometry.
  • A need exists for simpler, more robust s-SNOM methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified, self-referenced interferometric scheme for s-SNOM.
  • To enable high-resolution chemical spectroscopy of molecular, soft-matter, and biological materials.
  • To improve signal levels and reduce sensitivity to environmental fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a simplified symmetric interferometric geometry for s-SNOM.
  • Employed spatially coherent background scattered light as a reference field.
  • Developed a model for tip-sample scattering and interferometric detection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated accurate measurement of the vibrational response of molecular materials.
  • Achieved enhanced signal levels and reduced sensitivity to light source drift.
  • Validated the technique's robustness in challenging experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The simplified self-referenced interferometry offers a compact and effective approach for s-SNOM.
  • This method enhances routine chemical spectroscopy with improved signal and stability.
  • The technique is suitable for diverse and demanding experimental environments.