Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

4.3K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
4.3K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

5.0K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
5.0K
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

1.9K
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.9K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

6.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
6.6K
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

4.9K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
4.9K
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

12.3K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Type 2 diabetes risk alleles in peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase influence GLP-1 levels and response to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Genome medicine·2026
Same author

Enhancing Late-Life Survival and Mobility via Mitohormesis by Reducing Mitochondrial Calcium Levels.

Aging cell·2025
Same author

Reduced Weight Gain with Pioglitazone vs Vildagliptin in <i>CREBRF</i> rs373863828 A-allele Carriers: Insights from the WORTH Trial.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy·2025
Same author

Global impoverishment of natural vegetation revealed by dark diversity.

Nature·2025
Same author

A Mediterranean dietary pattern intervention does not improve cardiometabolic risk but does improve quality of life and body composition in an Aotearoa New Zealand population at increased cardiometabolic risk: A randomised controlled trial.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2024
Same author

The population-specific Thr44Met OCT3 coding variant affects metformin pharmacokinetics with subsequent effects on insulin sensitivity in C57Bl/6J mice.

Diabetologia·2024
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Fatty acid oxidase Ehhadh mediates stem cell fate remodeling via mitophagy activation" [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 248 (2026) 109-126].

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same journal

HDL/ApoA1 attenuates atherosclerosis by suppressing macrophage ferroptosis via NRF2-SLC7A11-GSH axis activation.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same journal

Salvianolic acid B mitigates neuronal ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats through a Piezo1-associated AMPK-mTOR pathway.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same journal

Myeloid specific knockout of Piezo1 alleviates ang â…¡-induced cardiac remodeling.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same journal

Microglia-derived exosomal miR-31-5p promotes type 2 diabetic retinopathy by impairing physiological angiogenesis homeostasis.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same journal

GPX1 Drives Cuproptosis-Ferroptosis Resistance in Cold Tumors.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations
09:50

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations

Published on: January 25, 2018

7.1K

Mitohormesis in exercise training.

Troy L Merry1, Michael Ristow1

  • 1Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8603 Zurich, Switzerland.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitohormesis, a cellular stress response involving mitochondria, may explain exercise adaptations. Low-dose stressors trigger mitochondrial signaling to the nucleus, promoting cellular resilience and homeostasis.

Keywords:
ExerciseHormesisMitochondriaROSReactive oxygen speciesSkeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

13.3K
Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations
09:50

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations

Published on: January 25, 2018

7.1K
Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

13.3K
Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Hormesis describes adaptive cellular responses to low-dose stressors.
  • Mitohormesis extends this concept to mitochondria, involving signaling to the nucleus.
  • This pathway is proposed to mediate exercise-induced adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting mitohormesis as an adaptive signaling pathway.
  • To explore mitohormesis's role in exercise-induced adaptations.
  • To identify potential mitochondrial signals involved in exercise responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hormesis and mitohormesis.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways linking mitochondria and nucleus.
  • Examination of evidence from mitochondrial dysfunction models.
  • Discussion of exercise-sensitive transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Mitohormesis is a significant adaptive-response signaling pathway.
  • Mitochondria can initiate retrograde signals to the nucleus.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primary candidates for signaling during exercise.
  • Evidence supports a role for mitohormesis in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Mitohormesis likely plays a role in exercise-induced adaptations.
  • Further research is needed to directly link mitohormesis to exercise training.
  • Mitochondrial signaling pathways are crucial for cellular homeostasis during exercise.