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HIV-1 Tat biosensor: Current development and trends for early detection strategies
M F Fatin1, A R Ruslinda1, M K Md Arshad1
1Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia.
Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 15, 2015
Summary
Detecting the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Tat protein early is crucial for preventing transmission. This review covers key detection strategies like immunoassays and biosensors for timely HIV diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection impacts millions globally.
- Early detection is vital to curb HIV transmission.
- The HIV-1 Tat protein is an early marker, abundant 2-4 weeks post-infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review strategies for detecting the HIV-1 Tat protein.
- To highlight methods for early HIV diagnosis and transmission reduction.
Main Methods:
- Immunoassays utilizing antibodies.
- Biosensors employing aptamers.
- Gene expression analysis to measure viral transcription.
Main Results:
- Tat protein detection facilitates early identification of HIV.
- Various detection strategies offer different approaches to sensing Tat.
- Gene expression analysis provides a direct measure of HIV activity.
Conclusions:
- Early detection of the Tat protein is key to preventing HIV pandemics.
- Effective detection strategies can identify high-risk individuals sooner.
- Timely diagnosis aids in reducing HIV transmission rates.
