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Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers
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Keeping intestinal stem cell differentiation on the Tramtrack.

Chenhui Wang1,2, Rongwen Xi1

  • 1a National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park , Beijing , China.

Fly
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ttk69 is a master repressor of enteroendocrine cell fate in the Drosophila midgut. Loss of Ttk69 causes all progenitor cells to become enteroendocrine cells, disrupting hormone production.

Keywords:
Drosophila midgutTachykininTtk69differentiationenteroendocrine cellintestinal stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adult Drosophila midgut epithelium undergoes continuous renewal.
  • Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) drive this renewal, differentiating into enterocytes (ECs) and enteroendocrine (EE) cells.
  • Notch signaling is crucial for EC differentiation, but EE cell specification mechanisms are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Ttk69 in enteroendocrine (EE) cell specification.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms by which Ttk69 controls EE cell fate.
  • To examine the impact of Ttk69 on mature EE cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of Ttk69 in Drosophila midgut stem cells and differentiated EE cells.
  • Analysis of cell fate specification using microscopy and gene expression analysis.
  • Investigating the Ttk69-acheate-scute complex (AS-C) genes-Prospero (Pros) regulatory axis.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Ttk69 leads to the specification of all progenitor cells as EE cells, irrespective of Notch signaling.
  • Ttk69 represses EE cell specification through the Ttk69-AS-C-Pros regulatory axis.
  • Overexpression of Ttk69 in differentiated EE cells disrupts their hormone-producing activity.

Conclusions:

  • Ttk69 acts as a master repressor of EE cell fate in the Drosophila midgut.
  • Ttk69 functions independently of known signaling pathways like JAK/STAT and Tsc.
  • Ttk69 plays a critical role in maintaining EE cell identity and function.