Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.3K
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
10.3K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

518
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
518
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

927
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
927

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Elephant trunks use an adaptable prehensile grip.

Bioinspiration & biomimetics·2023
Same author

Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Annals of internal medicine·2022
Same author

Functional connectivity predicts changes in attention observed across minutes, days, and months.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020
Same author

Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression.

Nature neuroscience·2017
Same author

Delineating the Trajectory of Cognitive Recovery From General Anesthesia in Older Adults: Design and Rationale of the TORIE (Trajectory of Recovery in the Elderly) Project.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2017
Same author

Investigation of hypoxia conditions using oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measurements in glioma models.

Oncotarget·2017
Same journal

Regional Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in Frail Adults: Primary Anesthetic and Perioperative Analgesic Approaches.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

The Transition of Total Joint Arthroplasty From Inpatient to Ambulatory Surgery Centers: Evolution, Evidence, and Implications.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Patient Blood Management in Orthopedic Surgery.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

The Practitioner's Guide to Upper Extremity Nerve Blocks.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Anesthetic Challenges and Strategies in Pediatric Spine Surgery.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Development of a Preoperative Physical Frailty-associated Screening Process: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

International anesthesiology clinics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

4.2K

fMRI and Anesthesia.

Cheuk Ying Tang1, Ramachandran Ramani

  • 1*Department of Radiology & Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York †Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

International Anesthesiology Clinics
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

General anesthetics affect higher-order brain regions, like those for language, more than primary sensory areas. Loss of consciousness typically occurs at or below 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthesia.

More Related Videos

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
12:41

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Published on: August 28, 2021

5.0K
The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System
11:27

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

Published on: April 25, 2012

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

4.2K
Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
12:41

Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat

Published on: August 28, 2021

5.0K
The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System
11:27

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

Published on: April 25, 2012

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • General anesthetics are widely used for surgical procedures.
  • Understanding how anesthetics affect brain function is crucial for patient safety.
  • Previous studies show varying effects of anesthetics on brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize findings from BOLD activation studies on anesthetic effects.
  • To identify brain regions most sensitive to anesthetic agents.
  • To correlate anesthetic concentration with functional brain changes and loss of consciousness.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing BOLD (Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent) activation studies.
  • Analysis of data across different anesthetic agents (propofol, sevoflurane, isoflurane) and concentrations (typically <0.5 MAC).
  • Comparison of anesthetic effects on various brain regions, including association cortices, frontal cortex, visual cortex, parietal cortex, and thalamus.

Main Results:

  • Higher-order association cortices are more sensitive to anesthetics than primary sensory areas.
  • Language and semantic processing regions in the frontal cortex are affected at lower anesthetic concentrations compared to auditory processing regions.
  • Higher-order visual spatial attention regions in the parietal cortex are more sensitive to anesthesia than primary visual cortex or thalamus.
  • Loss of consciousness is generally observed at or below 0.5 MAC.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic sensitivity varies across cortical hierarchies, with higher-order cognitive functions being more vulnerable.
  • The findings provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms of general anesthesia.
  • Understanding regional anesthetic sensitivity can inform anesthetic management and monitoring.