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Heterogeneous and nonlinear development of human posterior parietal cortex function.

Ting-Ting Chang1, Arron W S Metcalfe2, Aarthi Padmanabhan2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology/Research Center for Mind, Brain & Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Neuroimage
|December 15, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent brain development in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) shows nonlinear changes, with specific regions like the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) exhibiting greater activation and connectivity, facilitating adult-level problem-solving skills.

Keywords:
Angular gyrusCognitionConnectivityIntraparietal sulcusMental arithmeticPosterior parietal cortexSupramarginal gyrus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Human cognitive development involves complex, experience-dependent changes in problem-solving skills from childhood to adulthood.
  • Existing neurodevelopmental research often overlooks nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous maturation patterns, focusing primarily on linear age-related changes.
  • The posterior parietal cortex (PPC), encompassing the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), angular gyrus (AG), and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), is crucial for numerical problem solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous neurodevelopmental profiles in PPC regions during cognitive skill acquisition.
  • To examine age-related changes in activation and functional connectivity across distinct PPC subdivisions from childhood to young adulthood.
  • To challenge the traditional view of linear neurodevelopment by exploring complex maturation trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neuroimaging data across three age groups: children, adolescents, and young adults.
  • Focus on cytoarchitectonically distinct PPC regions: intraparietal sulcus (IPS), angular gyrus (AG), and supramarginal gyrus (SMG).
  • Examination of both linear and nonlinear activation patterns and functional connectivity within these PPC subdivisions during a cognitive task.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents showed adult-equivalent behavioral performance but differed in PPC activation and connectivity profiles.
  • Linear age-related increases in activation were observed in IPS-hIP1, AG-PGa, and SMG-PFm.
  • The left anterior SMG subdivision (SMG-PF) exhibited an inverted U-shaped activation profile, with adolescents showing higher activation correlated with performance.
  • Adolescents demonstrated enhanced functional connectivity of SMG-PF with temporal and prefrontal cortices.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear maturation of the SMG-PF and its associated functional circuits in adolescents underpins adult-level cognitive problem-solving skills.
  • Neurodevelopment of the PPC is characterized by heterogeneous linear and nonlinear maturation processes across different subregions.
  • Anatomically precise analysis of both linear and nonlinear neurofunctional changes is essential for a comprehensive understanding of cognitive development.