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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Serotonin increases synaptic activity in olfactory bulb glomeruli.

Julia Brill1, Zuoyi Shao1, Adam C Puche1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serotonin (5HT) modulates olfactory bulb networks by exciting external tufted cells (ETCs) and influencing mitral cells (MCs) and interneurons. This enhances spontaneous activity without altering sensory responses, potentially improving olfactory sensitivity.

Keywords:
glomerulusneuromodulationolfactory bulbserotoninspike-independent neurotransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research
  • Neurotransmitter Modulation

Background:

  • Serotonin (5HT) fibers extensively innervate olfactory bulb glomeruli, crucial for initial olfactory signal processing.
  • Serotonin acts via 5HT2A receptors to excite external tufted cells (ETCs) and depolarize mitral cells (MCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serotonin's effects on mitral cells (MCs) and key glomerular interneurons: short axon cells (SACs) and periglomerular cells (PGCs).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which serotonin modulates olfactory bulb network activity.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in olfactory bulb slices.
  • Application of serotonin and receptor-specific agonists/antagones.
  • Analysis of spontaneous and evoked synaptic currents and neuronal firing rates.

Main Results:

  • Serotonin induced a depolarizing current in SACs via 5HT2C receptors but not PGCs.
  • Serotonin increased spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in PGCs and SACs, mediated by 5HT2A receptors.
  • Serotonin enhanced spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in PGCs and SACs, driven by increased excitatory drive and action potential-independent GABA release from SACs.
  • Focal serotonin application increased MC spontaneous firing but not olfactory nerve-evoked responses.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin modulates glomerular network activity through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced feed-forward excitation and inhibition.
  • Serotonin triggers action potential-independent GABA release from SACs, increasing spontaneous activity in glomerular neurons.
  • Network modulation by serotonin enhances mitral cell spontaneous firing, potentially improving olfactory sensitivity while preserving dynamic range.