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Firefighting acutely increases airway responsiveness.

C B Sherman1, S Barnhart, M F Miller

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.

The American Review of Respiratory Disease
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Firefighting exposure to combustion products increases airway responsiveness in firefighters. This study found significant declines in lung function and airway conductance after firefighting, indicating potential long-term respiratory risks.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Acute effects of combustion and pyrolysis products on firefighter airway responsiveness are not well-documented.
  • Firefighters face significant exposure to harmful substances during their work.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of firefighting on airway responsiveness in active firefighters.
  • To quantify changes in lung function and airway conductance following fire exposure.

Main Methods:

  • 18 active firefighters underwent spirometry and methacholine challenge testing (MCT) pre- and post-firefighting.
  • Specific airway conductance (SGaw) was measured using body plethysmography.
  • Airway responsiveness was assessed by PD35-SGaw, the dose causing a 35% decrease in SGaw.

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Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in FEV1 % predicted (-3.4%) and FEF25-75 % predicted (-5.6%) were observed post-firefighting.
  • A significant mean decline of 184.5 units in PD35-SGaw was recorded (p = 0.003).
  • The decline in PD35-SGaw was independent of pre-challenge SGaw, FEV1, or FVC changes.

Conclusions:

  • Firefighting acutely increases airway responsiveness in firefighters.
  • Exposure to combustion products during firefighting may lead to significant, measurable changes in lung function and airway reactivity.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the long-term implications of these findings for firefighter respiratory health.