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Altered Functional Connectivity in Essential Tremor: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Julián Benito-León1, Elan D Louis, Juan Pablo Romero

  • 1From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid (JB-L, FB-P, IP); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (JB-L, FB-P); Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain (JB-L, FB-P, IP); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (EDL); Faculty of Biosanitary Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Pozuelo de Alarcón (JPR); Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles (JAH-T, EM); Department of Radiology, Hospital Ruber International, Madrid (JA-L); and Neural and Cognitive Engineering group, CAR, UPM-CSIC, CSIC, La Poveda - Arganda del Rey, Spain (ER).

Medicine
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Essential tremor (ET) alters brain connectivity in networks crucial for cognition, impacting executive function and memory. These changes correlate with ET severity and symptoms, highlighting resting-state networks (RSNs) as potential biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) presents with motor and nonmotor symptoms, including cognitive deficits.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms, particularly alterations in brain networks, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in resting-state brain networks (RSNs) in ET patients using fMRI.
  • To examine the relationship between altered RSN connectivity, ET severity, disease duration, and neuropsychological function.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to analyze RSNs in 23 ET patients and 22 healthy controls.
  • Independent component analysis and dual-regression techniques identified group differences in default mode, frontoparietal, cerebellar, and visual networks.

Main Results:

  • ET patients exhibited increased connectivity in cognitive RSNs (default mode, frontoparietal) and decreased connectivity in cerebellar and visual networks compared to controls.
  • Altered network integrity correlated with ET severity, duration, and poorer performance in cognitive domains like attention, executive function, and memory.
  • Increased connectivity in some networks was linked to depressive symptoms, while decreased visual network connectivity correlated with impaired visuospatial ability.

Conclusions:

  • Essential tremor is associated with widespread abnormal brain connectivity in major RSNs.
  • These RSN alterations may underlie both motor and nonmotor symptoms in ET.
  • RSNs represent a promising biomarker for assessing disease status and progression in Essential Tremor.