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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
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HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer.

Everett E Vokes1, Nishant Agrawal2, Tanguy Y Seiwert2

  • 1Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine (EEV, TYS), Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery (NA), and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center (EEV, TYS), The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. evokes@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers, particularly in the oropharynx, show a better prognosis and treatment response. Research has advanced understanding of their genetics, risk factors, and personalized therapies since 2008.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Head and neck cancers, especially oropharyngeal, are increasingly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Seminal work in 2008 identified HPV-positive tumors as a distinct entity with improved prognosis and treatment sensitivity.
  • Subsequent research has deepened the understanding of HPV-associated head and neck cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current state of knowledge regarding HPV-associated head and neck cancers.
  • To highlight advancements since the 2008 findings by Fakhry et al.
  • To provide an overview of genetic insights, risk modifiers, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies on HPV-associated head and neck cancers.
  • Synthesis of findings related to tumor genetics, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of developments in personalized therapy and targeted treatments.

Main Results:

  • HPV-associated head and neck cancers demonstrate superior response to chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.
  • Genetic profiling reveals distinct molecular characteristics of these tumors.
  • Risk modifiers like smoking influence outcomes, and personalized treatment de-escalation strategies are emerging.
  • Targeted therapies are being evaluated for this specific patient group.

Conclusions:

  • HPV-associated head and neck cancers represent a unique clinical and biological entity.
  • Continued research is refining our understanding and leading to more personalized treatment approaches.
  • The improved prognosis underscores the importance of HPV status in managing these cancers.