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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

Drug repurposing for immune modulation in acute ischemic stroke.

Diana Amantea¹, Giacinto Bagetta¹

¹Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Savinio, Rende (CS) I-87036, Italy.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

|December 15, 2015

Summary

Repurposing common drugs like azithromycin may protect the brain after ischemic stroke by shifting immune cells to a reparative state. This strategy offers a promising avenue for acute stroke treatment, potentially reducing clinical trial failures.

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Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Innate immune cells exhibit dual roles in ischemic brain damage, with pro-inflammatory phenotypes causing injury and alternatively activated phenotypes promoting repair.
Existing neuroprotective drug development for stroke has a high failure rate in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the neuroprotective potential of repurposed drugs by promoting immune polarization towards non-inflammatory, protective phenotypes in ischemic stroke models.
To leverage drugs with established safety profiles to reduce clinical trial attrition in stroke treatment development.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical stroke models investigating the effects of commonly used drugs (azithromycin, minocycline, bexarotene, rosiglitazone, metformin).
Analysis of drug-induced immune cell polarization towards M2 microglia/macrophages and N2 neutrophils.

Main Results:

Several repurposed drugs demonstrated neuroprotection in preclinical stroke models.
These drugs function by promoting immune polarization towards beneficial, non-inflammatory phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Repurposing existing drugs with known safety profiles is a viable strategy to overcome challenges in neuroprotective drug development for ischemic stroke.
Clinical validation of immune-polarizing repurposed drugs offers new therapeutic opportunities for acute ischemic stroke treatment.