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Published on: June 17, 2025
Pemphigus: An Ophthalmological Review
Patricia Chirinos-Saldaña1, Alejandro Navas, Arturo Ramírez-Miranda
1Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department (P.C.-S., A.N., A.R.-M., E.O.G.-H.), Institute of Ophthalmology "Fundación, de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico; and Immunology Lab (M.C. J.-M.), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine National, Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Pemphigus is a serious autoimmune blistering disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment, including ophthalmological care, are crucial for managing this potentially life- and sight-threatening condition.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Immunology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by acantholysis.
- Autoantibodies target the epidermal intercellular substance, leading to blister formation.
- Genetic predisposition and environmental factors trigger pemphigus onset.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of pemphigus.
- To emphasize the significance of ocular involvement in pemphigus patients.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
Main Results:
- Pemphigus involves autoimmune attack on epidermal intercellular substance, causing blisters.
- Ocular involvement can occur independently and affect vision.
- High mortality in untreated cases due to sepsis and electrolyte imbalance.
- Standard treatment includes immunosuppressants like corticosteroids with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.
- Multidisciplinary care involving dermatology, ophthalmology, and immunology is essential.
Conclusions:
- Pemphigus is a life- and sight-threatening autoimmune disease.
- Prompt immunotherapy and assessment of modifiable factors are vital.
- Ophthalmological care is critical to prevent vision loss from infections, scarring, or perforation.
