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Related Concept Videos

Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

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Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Post-stenotic plug-like jet with a vortex ring demonstrated by 4D flow MRI.

Guk Bae Kim1, Hojin Ha2, Jihoon Kweon1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized a plug-like jet with a vortex ring in pulsatile stenotic flow using 4D flow MRI. This unique flow pattern, observed in a 50% stenosis phantom, differs from typical jet flows during systole.

Keywords:
4D flow MRIPlug-like jetPulsatile stenotic flowVortex ring

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular fluid dynamics
  • Medical imaging and diagnostics

Background:

  • Stenosis, a narrowing of blood vessels, significantly alters blood flow dynamics.
  • Understanding complex flow patterns in stenotic regions is crucial for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed flow structure of a plug-like jet with a vortex ring in pulsatile stenotic phantoms.
  • To utilize 4D flow MRI for quantitative analysis of these complex hemodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Two stenotic phantoms with 50% and 75% area reduction were used.
  • Pulsatile Newtonian flow was simulated using a blood analog fluid at 1Hz frequency.
  • 4D flow MRI was employed to capture velocity and vorticity fields.

Main Results:

  • A plug-like jet with a vortex ring was observed at 50% stenosis during the decelerating flow phase.
  • The vortex ring exhibited vorticity strength within ±100s⁻¹.
  • The fastest flow region occurred in the post-stenotic area during the post-systole phase.

Conclusions:

  • 4D flow MRI successfully visualized a plug-like jet with a vortex ring in pulsatile stenotic flow.
  • This flow pattern, characterized by peak velocity in post-systole, is distinct from typical systolic stenotic jets.