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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Selective Luciferase-Based Assay for Monitoring ATG4B 27 Activity in Cells
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Author Spotlight: A Selective Luciferase-Based Assay for Monitoring ATG4B 27 Activity in Cells

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Autophagy inhibitors.

Benoit Pasquier1

  • 1Sanofi, 13, Quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry Sur Seine, France. benoit.pasquier@sanofi.com.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, is crucial for cell survival and implicated in diseases like cancer. This review explores autophagy inhibitors and their therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading damaged components.
  • It involves complex molecular machinery, including ULK1 and Vps34 kinases.
  • Autophagy is vital for maintaining cell survival under stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inhibitors targeting the autophagy pathway.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of modulating autophagy.
  • To highlight recent advancements in autophagy research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on autophagy.
  • Analysis of different classes of autophagy inhibitors.
  • Examination of autophagy's role in various diseases.
Keywords:
AutophagosomesAutophagyHydroxychloroquineLysosomotropic agentPI3KPIK3C3/Vps34ULK

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay &#8212; A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

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Author Spotlight: A Selective Luciferase-Based Assay for Monitoring ATG4B 27 Activity in Cells

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay &#8212; A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Main Results:

  • Autophagy is implicated in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Numerous inhibitors targeting autophagy machinery have been identified.
  • Modulating autophagy presents therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a critical cellular mechanism with significant disease relevance.
  • Inhibitors of autophagy offer promising avenues for drug discovery.
  • Further research into autophagy modulation is warranted for therapeutic applications.