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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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microRNA and Bone Cancer.

Mary Nugent1

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St. James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. nugentmary@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play roles in bone development and cancer. Altered miRNA expression is linked to bone tumors like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cellular processes, including osteogenesis.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is observed in various cancers, impacting tumorigenesis through target gene modulation.
  • Current research on miRNAs in primary bone tumors primarily focuses on osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs in the development and progression of primary bone tumors.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in bone cancers.
  • To summarize current understanding and highlight areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating microRNA expression in primary bone tumors.
Keywords:
ChondrosarcomaEwing sarcomaOsteosarcomamiRNA

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  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in cellular pathways relevant to osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.
  • Examination of evidence for miRNA roles in other bone tumor types.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific microRNAs, such as the miR-34 family, are implicated in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis via the Notch signaling pathway.
    • miRNA expression influences osteosarcoma progression, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy response.
    • In Ewing sarcoma, the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein alters miRNA expression, with profiling showing potential for predicting prognosis.
    • Emerging evidence suggests miRNA involvement in chondrosarcoma, multiple osteochondromatosis, and giant cell tumors of bone.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroRNAs are significant players in primary bone tumor biology, particularly osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.
    • miRNA expression profiling holds promise for prognostic prediction and therapeutic strategies in bone cancers.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in a broader spectrum of primary bone tumors.