Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

10.9K
The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
10.9K
Interpretation of Confidence Intervals01:19

Interpretation of Confidence Intervals

10.4K
A confidence interval is a better estimate of the population than a point estimate, as it uses a range of values from a sample instead of a single value.
Confidence intervals have confidence coefficients that are crucial for their interpretation. The most common confidence coefficients are 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99, which can be written as percentages–90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
Suppose a person calculates a confidence interval with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. In that case, they can...
10.4K
Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

326
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
326
Confidence Intervals01:21

Confidence Intervals

11.2K
An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
11.2K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.9K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.9K
Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

12.2K
The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hospital care and capacity in the tri-state region of Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio: analysis and insights.

Health marketing quarterly·2008
Same author

A critique and comparison of two scales from fifteen years of studying compulsive buying.

Psychological reports·2008
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

1.8K

Increasing Product Confidence-Shifting Paradigms.

Marla Phillips1, Vishal Kashyap2, Mee-Shew Cheung3

  • 1Xavier University Cincinnati, OH, USA; and phillipsm4@xavier.edu.

PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Product confidence in the pharmaceutical, medical device, and food industries remains a concern. A shift from controlling suppliers to improving internal manufacturer practices is key to enhancing product safety and reliability.

Keywords:
Product riskSupplier relationship managementSupply reliability

More Related Videos

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

615
Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

1.8K
Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

615
Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Supply chain management
  • Product lifecycle management
  • Regulatory affairs

Background:

  • Industry leaders in pharmaceutical, medical device, and food sectors face persistent challenges with product confidence.
  • The 2008 heparin incident highlighted vulnerabilities, initially leading to a focus on supplier performance and supply chain oversight.
  • Despite efforts and adoption of supplier relationship management strategies, significant improvements in product confidence have not been achieved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the root causes of persistent product confidence issues in FDA-regulated industries.
  • To identify factors contributing to the lack of product confidence despite enhanced supplier management.
  • To propose a paradigm shift in how manufacturers approach product integrity and supplier collaboration.

Main Methods:

  • The Integrity of Supply Initiative, launched in 2012 by Xavier University with industry and FDA collaboration, employed a methodical research approach.
  • Data generation and analysis focused on identifying sources of product confidence failure within manufacturing processes.
  • Comparative analysis of current product and supplier management strategies against new findings.

Main Results:

  • Research data revealed that manufacturers themselves are a significant source of product confidence issues.
  • Manufacturers may unknowingly introduce potential for errors or overlook controllable aspects of product confidence failure.
  • Current strategies focused on controlling external suppliers have not effectively addressed internal process vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift is necessary, moving from controlling suppliers to enhancing internal manufacturer practices.
  • Manufacturers and suppliers should collaborate as equal partners, fostering mutual respect and addressing true root causes.
  • Implementing this shift can lead to a marked increase in product confidence and safety.