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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Endocardium Contributes to Cardiac Fat.

Hui Zhang1, Wenjuan Pu1, Qiaozhen Liu1

  • 1From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (H.Z., W.P., Q.L., L.H., X.H., X.T., L.Z., B.Z.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.N., S.H.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China (K.O.L.); Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China (B.Z.); and ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).

Circulation Research
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The developing endocardium, not blood vessels, forms intramyocardial adipocytes in adult hearts. This finding clarifies the origin of cardiac fat, crucial for understanding cardiovascular disease development and treatment.

Keywords:
adipocytesendocardiumendothelial cellshomeostasispericardium

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Development
  • Adipocyte Biology
  • Cardiac Anatomy

Background:

  • Understanding cardiac fat origins is key for cardiovascular disease treatment.
  • Epicardial fat has a mesothelial source, but intramyocardial adipocyte origins are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental origin of intramyocardial adipocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic lineage tracing using Nfatc1(+) endocardial cells.
  • Analysis of adipocyte location and proximity to endocardium and coronary vessels.

Main Results:

  • Intramyocardial adipocytes are primarily located near the endocardium.
  • Nfatc1(+) endocardial cells significantly contribute to intramyocardial adipocytes.
  • Coronary vascular endothelial cells do not originate intramyocardial adipocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Developing endocardial cells, not vascular endothelial cells, generate intramyocardial adipocytes in adult hearts.