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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

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Published on: March 8, 2019

Developmental changes in the embodied self of spatial perspective taking.

Masayuki Watanabe¹

¹Department of Psychology, Shiga University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology

|December 15, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Physical development impacts spatial perspective taking. Sensorimotor activation affects the embodied self differently across age groups, influencing mental self-rotation speed and cognitive processing.

Keywords:

embodiment physical control representational self spatial perspective taking

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Neuroscience
Human Movement Science

Background:

Spatial perspective taking involves mental self-rotation and cognitive processing.
Mental self-rotation simulates sensorimotor mechanisms of actual self-movement.
Physical development may influence the embodied representational self.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how sensorimotor activation affects spatial perspective taking across different age groups.
To examine the relationship between physical development and the embodied representational self.
To determine if age-related changes in physical control mediate the effects of sensorimotor activation.

Main Methods:

125 participants (ages 5-80) performed a spatial perspective-taking video game task.
Three sensorimotor activation conditions were used: restrained, stable, and unstable.
Linear function analysis of rotation degree and response times quantified mental self-rotation speed (gradient) and cognitive processing (intercept).

Main Results:

A significant interaction between age group and sensorimotor condition was found for mental self-rotation speed (gradient).
Children showed faster response times in the unstable condition; students were slower in the restrained condition.
Elderly adults exhibited no significant differences in response times across conditions.

Conclusions:

Sensorimotor activation's influence on the embodied representational self is modulated by developmental changes in physical control.
Age-related differences in physical control impact how sensorimotor experiences affect spatial cognition.
The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between physical development and cognitive processes like spatial perspective taking.