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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Nutrition between sustainability and quality.

G M Fara1

  • 1Emeritus Professor of Hygiene, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Annali Di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva E Di Comunita
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Sustainable diets, like the Mediterranean diet, promote health and longevity by consuming fewer resources. Shifting global food habits can address both malnutrition and overnutrition issues worldwide.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Environmental Sustainability

Background:

  • Global food systems face dual challenges: insufficient nutritious food in developing regions (often due to conflict) and overnutrition in developed nations (linked to sedentary lifestyles and diets high in animal fats).
  • These nutritional imbalances contribute to chronic degenerative diseases and increased dependency in aging populations.
  • International organizations like the United Nations (UNO) and World Health Organization (WHO) advocate for interventions based on epidemiological knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the complex interrelations between human nutrition, food quality, safety, and the sustainability of global feeding habits.
  • To evaluate the environmental, economic, and health impacts of different dietary patterns.
  • To highlight sustainable dietary models that promote health and longevity.
Keywords:
AlimentsMediterranean dietQualitySustainability

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Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and analyses of global food consumption patterns.
  • Evaluation of sustainability metrics including ecological impact (water, energy, soil use), economic viability, and health protection.
  • Scientific documentation and classification of dietary patterns, referencing historical research (e.g., Ancel Keys) and international recognition (e.g., UNESCO).

Main Results:

  • Diets rich in meat and animal fats, common in Anglosaxon and some European countries, are identified as least sustainable.
  • Diets centered on cereals, legumes, and fish, such as the Japanese and Mediterranean diets, demonstrate greater environmental respect, reduced resource consumption, and improved health outcomes.
  • The Mediterranean diet is scientifically validated for promoting longevity in good health and recognized as a cultural heritage.

Conclusions:

  • Shifting towards sustainable diets is crucial for global health and environmental well-being.
  • The Mediterranean diet offers a model for healthy, sustainable eating, emphasizing plant-based foods, fish, and healthy fats.
  • Integrating dietary changes with regular physical activity and preserving cultural aspects like food sharing are essential for holistic health and community well-being.