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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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microRNA and Epilepsy.

Cristina R Reschke1, David C Henshall2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators in epilepsy, influencing brain excitability and network changes. Targeting these molecules shows therapeutic potential and may offer biomarkers for epilepsy development.

Keywords:
BiomarkerEpileptogenesisHippocampusNeurodegenerationStatus epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures due to neuronal excitation-inhibition imbalances.
  • Epileptogenesis involves gene expression changes and brain network remodeling, altering neuronal excitability.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in epilepsy, with altered expression affecting neuronal function and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in epilepsy pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
  • To investigate how miRNA alterations contribute to epileptogenesis and impact brain excitability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis pathway components in epilepsy patient brain tissue.
  • Examination of miRNA changes following experimental epileptogenic insults.
  • Assessment of miRNA regulatory roles in neuronal microstructure, cell death, inflammation, and ion channels.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in miRNA biogenesis pathway components are observed in epilepsy.
  • Specific miRNAs are identified as regulators of key processes in epileptogenesis.
  • Modulating miRNAs affects brain excitability and seizure activity in experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in gene expression regulation within the context of epilepsy.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs presents a promising avenue for novel epilepsy therapeutics.
  • Altered miRNA profiles in biofluids may serve as valuable biomarkers for detecting epileptogenesis.