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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Titanium Oxide: A Bioactive Factor in Osteoblast Differentiation.

P Santiago-Medina1, P A Sundaram2, N Diffoot-Carlo1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA.

International Journal of Dentistry
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Titanium oxide layers enhance bone cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity in human fetal osteoblasts. This suggests titanium oxide is crucial for the biocompatibility of titanium alloys in hard tissue applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Titanium and its alloys are standard for dental implants due to biocompatibility, linked to a protective oxide layer.
  • The necessity of this titanium oxide layer for orthopedic biomaterial success remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of titanium oxide in the biocompatibility of orthopedic biomaterials.
  • To quantify the effect of oxidized titanium surfaces on human fetal osteoblast differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Human fetal osteoblasts were cultured on thermally oxidized and microarc oxidized (MAO) titanium alloy surfaces.
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, a marker for bone tissue growth, was measured using a commercial assay kit.

Main Results:

  • Cell attachment was comparable across all tested oxidized surfaces.
  • ALP expression was significantly higher on oxidized titanium alloy surfaces compared to untreated surfaces.
  • Untreated titanium alloy surfaces exhibited lower ALP activity.

Conclusions:

  • Titanium oxide demonstrably upregulates ALP expression in human fetal osteoblasts.
  • The titanium oxide layer appears to be a key bioactive factor contributing to the excellent biocompatibility of titanium alloys.
  • Incorporating titanium oxide is recommended for all hard tissue applications utilizing titanium and its alloys.