Rowell's syndrome. Report of a case

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Rheumatology
• Immunology

Background:

• Rowell's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, and Sjögren's syndrome.
• The syndrome's diagnostic criteria and distinctness from other lupus erythematosus subtypes remain subjects of investigation.

Observation:

• A patient with discoid lupus erythematosus presented with annular thigh lesions and chilblain-like finger lesions, consistent with Rowell's syndrome.
• This patient exhibited circulating anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies, which have been suggested to be similar to anti-Sj-T antibodies found in original Rowell's syndrome cases.

Findings:

• The presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies in this patient with discoid lupus erythematosus and Rowell's syndrome-like features is noted.
• A literature review suggests that many reported cases of Rowell's syndrome might be coincidental associations of lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme.

Implications:

• This case challenges the distinct nosological status of Rowell's syndrome.
• Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, and autoantibodies like anti-Ro(SS-A).
• Re-evaluation of previously diagnosed Rowell's syndrome cases may be warranted.