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The Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Intraluminal Thrombus: Current Concepts of Development and Treatment

Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk1, Alicja Jozkowicz2, Witold Nowak2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 15, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) involves proteolysis and aortic wall degradation. Neutrophil accumulation in thrombi creates a damaging environment, with complex roles for heme oxygenase 1 and nitric oxide synthase in AAA development.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Vascular Pathogenesis
  • Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shares features with atherosclerotic disease.
  • A key characteristic of AAA is proteolysis, leading to aortic wall degradation and destabilization.
  • Neutrophil accumulation within the intraluminal thrombus is a significant factor in AAA pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development.
  • To highlight the role of neutrophils in creating a proteolytic and oxidative environment within the AAA.
  • To discuss the dual protective and damaging effects of heme oxygenase 1/carbon monoxide and nitric oxide synthase/peroxynitrite in AAA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent reports on AAA pathogenesis and therapy.
  • Analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AAA development.
  • Synthesis of information on current and potential therapeutic strategies for AAA.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils play a central role in AAA pathogenesis by promoting proteolytic and oxidative stress.
  • Heme oxygenase 1 and nitric oxide synthase pathways exhibit complex, context-dependent effects in AAA.
  • Current treatment strategies include surgical repair and pharmacological interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate mechanisms of AAA pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • Targeting neutrophil activity and proteolytic pathways may offer therapeutic benefits for AAA.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of specific molecular pathways and optimize AAA treatment.

Keywords:
abdominalaortic aneurysmheme oxygenase-1intraluminal thrombus in aortic aneurysmsneutrophilsnitric oxide synthase

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