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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
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[Type 1 diabetes].

Yoichi Oikawa, Akira Shimada

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |December 16, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells. Management involves intensive insulin therapy and carbohydrate counting for optimal blood sugar control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Immunology
    • Metabolic Diseases

    Context:

    • Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition.
    • Pancreatic beta cell destruction leads to insulin deficiency.
    • Hyperglycemia onset patterns define subtypes: acute, slowly progressive, and fulminant.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the classification of type 1 diabetes based on hyperglycemia onset.
    • To present current recommendations for managing type 1 diabetes.
    • To highlight diagnostic criteria for different type 1 diabetes subtypes.

    Summary:

    • Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
    • Classification includes acute onset, slowly progressive, and fulminant types, with established diagnostic criteria.
    • Effective management strategies include intensive insulin therapy (multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) and carbohydrate counting for glycemic control.

    Impact:

    • Improved understanding of type 1 diabetes heterogeneity.
    • Standardized diagnostic criteria for precise classification.
    • Enhanced glycemic control through recommended therapeutic strategies.