[Infection complicated with diabetes mellitus]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Endocrinology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Patients with diabetes mellitus are often considered immunocompromised.
• Diabetic individuals exhibit increased susceptibility to specific infections like surgical site infections, malignant otitis externa, mucormycosis, and necrotizing fasciitis.
• The etiology of infections in diabetic patients is complex and individualized, with rising obesity rates contributing to obesity-related infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the intricate relationship between diabetes and various infections.
• To investigate the influence of factors such as body mass index, lifestyle, diabetes complications, and duration of poor glycemic control on infection susceptibility.
• To highlight the importance of glycemic control in preventing infections and enabling a normal life for diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review and synthesis of existing literature.
• Analysis of epidemiological data on diabetes and infection incidence.
• Exploration of etiological factors contributing to infection in diabetic populations.

Main Results:

• Diabetic patients are at higher risk for specific infections, with varied underlying causes.
• Obesity is an emerging factor linked to increased infection rates in diabetic individuals.
• Effective glycemic control, avoiding hypoglycemia, is key to mitigating infection risk and improving quality of life.

Conclusions:

• Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts immune function, predisposing patients to infections.
• A multifactorial approach is needed to understand and manage infections in diabetic patients, considering obesity and lifestyle.
• Achieving good glycemic control is paramount for diabetic patients to lead normal lives, free from preventable infections and hypoglycemia.