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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.2K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Immunotherapy in Tumors.

Sebastian Kobold1, Peter Duewell, Max Schnurr

  • 1Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, München.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|December 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New T-cell-activating immunotherapies offer survival benefits for cancer patients but come with significant side effects. Careful consideration of survival gains versus quality of life is crucial for treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Recent approvals of novel tumor immunotherapies targeting T-cell activation.
  • These therapies aim to enhance the patient's immune response against cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently approved T-cell-activating drugs for cancer treatment.
  • To summarize their efficacy and safety profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Selective PubMed search for publications on T-cell-activating drugs.
  • Review of randomized controlled trials and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab improved survival in advanced melanoma.
  • Programmed-death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) showed tumor response rates of 24-32%.
  • Blinatumomab achieved 43% complete remission in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with 83% experiencing severe toxicities.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell-directed therapies are now a cornerstone of cancer treatment.
  • Balancing survival benefits with potential severe adverse effects and impact on quality of life is essential for clinical decision-making.