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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Forehead flap in maxillofacial surgery: Our experiences.

Syed S Ahmed1, Alireza Ghassemi2, Sajjad A Rehman1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Forehead flaps are a versatile surgical technique for nasal reconstruction, offering excellent aesthetic results. This two-stage procedure provides good color and texture match for deep nasal defects.

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Interpolation flapnasal reconstructionparamedian forehead flap

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Deep and large nasal defects often require complex reconstruction.
  • The forehead flap is a well-established method for nasal defect repair.
  • Achieving optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes is crucial in nasal reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe three distinct applications of the forehead flap technique in nasal reconstruction.
  • To highlight the versatility and effectiveness of forehead flaps for various nasal defects.
  • To provide insights into optimizing surgical and cosmetic outcomes with this method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the forehead flap as a reconstructive tool for nasal defects.
  • Performing the procedure under local or general anesthesia.
  • Employing secondary "finishing" surgeries as needed for optimal results.

Main Results:

  • Forehead flaps provide excellent color and texture matching to the nasal skin.
  • The technique is suitable for reconstructing deep and large nasal defects.
  • While generally effective, occasional "finishing" surgeries may be required.

Conclusions:

  • The forehead flap is a reliable and aesthetically pleasing option for nasal reconstruction.
  • Its ability to provide good tissue match makes it ideal for challenging nasal defects.
  • Forehead flap reconstruction, though a two-stage process, yields favorable surgical and cosmetic outcomes.