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Maternal response to environmental unpredictability.

Miguel Barbosa1, Isabel Lopes2, Catia Venâncio2

  • 1CESAM Departamento de Biologia Universidade de Aveiro Campus de Santiago 3810 Aveiro Portugal ; Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 8LB UK.

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Summary

Daphnia magna effectively adapt to unpredictable temperature changes by maintaining consistent offspring production, rather than increasing investment variance. This demonstrates a "jack of all temperatures" strategy, crucial for understanding maternal responses to environmental uncertainty.

Keywords:
Fitnessjack of all tradesmaternal Investmenttrans‐generational effectsunpredictabilityvariance

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Maternal investment strategies are crucial for optimizing fitness in response to environmental cues.
  • Environmental unpredictability, driven by global change, challenges the reliability of traditional environmental cues.
  • Understanding how organisms adjust maternal investment under uncertainty is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if Daphnia magna increase maternal investment variance in response to unpredictable temperature variations.
  • To investigate the adaptive capacity of maternal investment strategies in the face of environmental uncertainty.
  • To examine cross-generational effects of maternal thermal history on offspring phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Exposed Daphnia magna to controlled, unpredictable temperature variations.
  • Measured key maternal investment traits: brood size, neonate size, and time between broods.
  • Assessed offspring survival and lifetime reproductive success across different maternal thermal treatments.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant variability in maternal investment traits across temperature treatments.
  • Found negligible effects of temperature unpredictability on fitness-correlated traits, including survival and lifetime fecundity.
  • Detected a cross-generational effect where maternal thermal history influenced offspring phenotypic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Daphnia magna exhibit effective adaptation to thermal unpredictability, not by increasing investment variance, but by adopting a flexible 'jack of all temperatures' strategy.
  • The study underscores the importance of analyzing variance, not just means, when assessing maternal responses to environmental change.
  • Findings challenge the assumption that increased environmental variability inherently poses a greater risk to organisms.