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Evaluation of the human testis and its age-related dysfunction
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4458.
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
|January 1, 1989
Summary
Human testis function declines with age, showing reduced sperm production and hormonal changes. Averaging ejaculates minimizes sperm count variability, aiding fertility assessments.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Andrology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Human testicular function is assessed via endocrine output, sperm production, and tissue morphology.
- Sperm count variability in ejaculates is high but can be reduced by averaging samples.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate human testicular function, including endocrine parameters and sperm production.
- To identify age-related changes in testicular morphology and function.
- To investigate germ cell degeneration in spermatogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Assessment of endocrine function (LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone).
- Measurement of daily sperm output and ejaculate sperm counts.
- Histological examination of testicular tissue (seminiferous tubules, cell counts).
Main Results:
- Averaging five daily ejaculates reduces sperm count variability to 12%.
- Plasma FSH is a key indicator of seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cell function in infertile men.
- Aged men exhibit higher LH, FSH, estradiol, and lower testosterone levels, with reduced testicular size and impaired spermatogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Testicular function significantly declines with age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and reduced sperm production efficiency.
- Germ cell degeneration is a critical but poorly understood aspect of spermatogenesis.
- Standardized methods for sperm count assessment and understanding age-related testicular changes are crucial for male reproductive health.