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DOA Estimation under Unknown Mutual Coupling and Multipath with Improved Effective Array Aperture.

Yuexian Wang1, Matthew Trinkle2, Brian W-H Ng3

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Summary

This study presents a novel method to accurately estimate direction of arrival (DOA) for coherent signals, overcoming challenges from mutual coupling and rank deficiency without calibration. The approach enhances robustness and accuracy in signal processing applications.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Signal Processing
  • Array Signal Processing
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Subspace-based high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods degrade with array manifold perturbations and covariance matrix rank deficiency.
  • Mutual coupling and multipath propagation are common issues causing these degradations.
  • Existing methods often require calibration or struggle with coherent signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust DOA estimation method that circumvents unknown mutual coupling without calibration.
  • To accurately estimate the DOA of coherent signals despite array imperfections.
  • To improve upon conventional spatial smoothing techniques for DOA estimation.

Main Methods:

  • A novel matrix construction is introduced to restore the deficient rank of the covariance matrix.
  • The proposed method effectively extends the array aperture compared to traditional spatial smoothing.
  • Unknown mutual coupling effects are mitigated without requiring passive or active calibration.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method demonstrates high robustness and accuracy in DOA estimation even with unknown mutual coupling.
  • Rank deficiency is addressed by restoring the matrix rank, enabling better performance.
  • Simulation results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed technique.

Conclusions:

  • The novel approach successfully overcomes limitations of subspace-based DOA estimation under challenging conditions.
  • Accurate DOA estimation of coherent signals is achieved despite mutual coupling and rank deficiency.
  • The method offers a significant improvement in robustness and accuracy for practical array signal processing applications.