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    Higher pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) in microtripsy enhance thrombolysis by creating larger flow channels faster and with smaller clot debris. This suggests 50 or 100 Hz PRF is optimal for clinical microtripsy applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Devices
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustic Cavitation

    Background:

    • Histotripsy uses ultrasound pulses for noninvasive tissue fractionation.
    • Microtripsy is a refined histotripsy technique for improved thrombolysis accuracy.
    • Previous studies established histotripsy's potential for drug-free, image-guided clot dissolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) on microtripsy-mediated thrombolysis.
    • To evaluate treatment effectiveness and safety across different PRFs (5, 50, 100 Hz) and doses.
    • To determine optimal parameters for clinical microtripsy thrombolysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Microtripsy treatments were applied to blood clots in an in vitro flow model.
    • Variable PRFs (5, 50, 100 Hz) and doses (20, 50, 100 pulses) were tested.
    • Key metrics included cavitation location, vessel wall interaction, flow channel dimensions, and debris particle analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Focal cavitation remained confined within the vessel lumen across all PRFs.
    • Pre-focal cavitation on the vessel wall was minimal and did not significantly impact treatment at 50/100 Hz.
    • Higher PRFs (100 Hz) produced larger flow channels in shorter treatment times with reduced large debris particles.

    Conclusions:

    • Higher PRF (50 or 100 Hz) is advantageous for microtripsy thrombolysis.
    • Increased PRF leads to greater efficiency, reduced treatment duration, and smaller clot debris.
    • Optimized PRF selection is crucial for effective and safe clinical application of microtripsy.