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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

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All-photonic intercity quantum key distribution.

Koji Azuma¹, Kiyoshi Tamaki¹, William J Munro¹

¹NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.

Nature Communications

|December 17, 2015

Summary

A new quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol enables secure communication between cities up to 800 km apart. This all-photonic method bypasses the need for quantum repeaters, offering a simpler solution for expanding secure networks.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Secure Communication Technologies
Network Engineering

Background:

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks offer unconditional security but are limited to intracity distances (approx. 100 km) due to optical fiber loss.
Expanding QKD networks to intercity distances typically requires complex quantum repeaters, which are currently over-engineered for links under intercontinental scale.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel all-photonic QKD protocol designed to connect QKD networks in cities up to 800 km apart.
To offer a technologically simpler and conceptually intermediate solution between current intracity QKD and future intercontinental quantum repeater networks.

Main Methods:

Development of a new 'intercity' QKD protocol utilizing only a single intermediate node with optical devices.
The protocol avoids the necessity for quantum memories and quantum error correction, streamlining the implementation.

Main Results:

The proposed protocol demonstrates the feasibility of extending secure QKD links to distances significantly greater than current limitations, up to 800 km.
This approach offers a practical alternative to quantum repeaters for intercity QKD network expansion.

Conclusions:

The all-photonic intercity QKD protocol effectively bridges the gap between existing intracity QKD and future intercontinental quantum networks.
This innovation simplifies the expansion of secure communication networks over medium-long distances without the complexity of quantum repeaters.