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Related Concept Videos

Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Spot Sign.

Martinus Hauf1, Heinz Krestel, Ariane Cavelti

  • 1*University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology ‡University Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern †Bethesda Clinic, Tschugg, Switzerland.

The Neurologist
|December 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A spinal spot sign on MRI indicates active bleeding in spinal subdural hematomas. This finding is crucial for guiding treatment decisions in patients with neurological deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Identifying predictors of hematoma expansion is vital for timely intervention in central nervous system hemorrhages.
  • Acute spinal subdural hematoma can lead to severe neurological deficits, including paralysis.

Observation:

  • A case of an 83-year-old patient with acute spinal subdural hematoma and progressive paraplegia is presented.
  • Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed contrast extravasation within the hematoma, termed the "spinal spot sign," indicative of active bleeding.
  • Serial contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated progression of extravasation, distinguishing active bleeding from vascular malformations.

Findings:

  • The "spinal spot sign" on contrast-enhanced MRI is a direct indicator of active hemorrhage within a spinal subdural hematoma.
  • The progression of contrast extravasation on serial imaging aids in differentiating active bleeding from underlying arteriovenous lesions.

Implications:

  • The "spinal spot sign" may serve as a critical imaging biomarker for predicting hematoma expansion and guiding treatment strategies.
  • Early identification of active bleeding via the spinal spot sign can inform decisions regarding hemostatic or surgical interventions.
  • This sign is particularly important in patients presenting with incomplete neurological deficits, allowing for prompt therapeutic management.