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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Validating and determining the weight of items used for evaluating clinical governance implementation based on
Elaheh Hooshmand1, Sogand Tourani2,3, Hamid Ravaghi3
1Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Clinical Governance (CG) implementation requires prioritizing key areas for quality improvement. This study identified training, performance evaluation, and risk management as most significant for effective healthcare delivery.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Management
- Quality Improvement
- Health Policy
Background:
- Clinical Governance (CG) aims to enhance healthcare quality by integrating policies and increasing professional accountability.
- CG implementation necessitates focused efforts on priority areas due to resource constraints.
- This study aimed to validate and rank items for evaluating CG implementation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate items for Clinical Governance (CG) evaluation.
- To determine the significance of these items using a quantitative approach.
- To identify priority areas for effective CG implementation in healthcare settings.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive-quantitative study design.
- Validation of CG evaluation items using the Delphi method.
- Ranking of validated items through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).
Main Results:
- Validated CG evaluation items include performance evaluation, training, risk management, and more.
- The most significant items identified were training and development, performance evaluation, and risk management.
- Least significant items were patient non-medical needs management, patient participation, and R&D.
Conclusions:
- Effective national policies are crucial for CG implementation.
- Coordination with other quality improvement models like accreditation and patient safety is recommended.
- Leveraging national expertise and avoiding perfectionism are key to successful CG adoption.
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